Central Asia travel: 10 must-see wonders across the Five Stans

Central Asia is a land that captivates all who venture into it, where history, culture, and nature intertwine in magical ways. From ancient Silk Road destinations and natural wonders to majestic mountains and vibrant city centres, Inspiring Vacations’ newest tours through Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan offer a deep dive into a region that remains largely off the beaten path and best explored with a depth that only a small-group Central Asia travel experience can provide.

Step off the tourist track and into the heart of Central Asia, where ancient cities, spectacular landscapes, and rich traditions await.

Why visit the Five Stans?

The Five Stans offer a travel adventure that’s hard to find anywhere else—with cuisines as varied as Europe and natural beauty that rivals Canada and Alaska, there’s something special about each stop. Whether you’re admiring the architectural masterpieces of Samarkand, experiencing the surreal burning crater in Turkmenistan, basking in the tranquillity of Kyrgyzstan’s mountain ranges, exploring Tajikistan’s ancient heritage, or marvelling at Kazakhstan’s Charyn Canyon and the modern city of Almaty, the region’s rich history and natural beauty make it a destination that appeals to a wide range of interests.

1. Samarkand: A Glimpse at the ancient Silk Road destinations

Samarkand is one of those rare places where the past sits comfortably in the present. As a key stop on the Silk Road, the city is home to some of Central Asia’s most iconic landmarks. Samarkand highlights, such as Registan Square, with its stunning madrasas (Islamic schools or religious institutions) adorned in blue tiles, transports you back to the golden age of the Timurids. The Guri Amir Complex, the final resting place of Timur is equally awe-inspiring, its intricate architecture standing as a testament to the power and vision of the great conqueror. As you explore the city’s ancient streets and mosques, you’ll get a firsthand look at the city’s rich cultural heritage and its enduring influence on the region—this is Uzbekistan travel at its best. 

2. Turkmenistan: The fiery 'Door to Hell'

Turkmenistan tourism offers some of the world’s most unique and otherworldly experiences, and one of its most bizarre natural phenomena is the Darvaza Gas Crater, often called the ‘Door to Hell’. Located in the Karakum Desert, this huge pit has been burning continuously since the 1970s. It emits an otherworldly glow as it lights up the desert, creating a scene that feels more like a Hollywood set. Add camping under the stars near the crater, and you’ll be left with travel stories that will impress for years to come!

3. Khiva: An open-air museum of timeless beauty

Khiva’s Ichan Kala is the jewel of Uzbekistan travel. This UNESCO World Heritage site offers a rare chance to experience a beautifully preserved ancient city. With its narrow streets, towering minarets, and grand palaces such as Tash-Khauli, Khiva feels like stepping back in time. The city’s intricate mosaics and peaceful courtyards are a visual feast for visitors while its rich history as a key stop on the Silk Road unfolds before you.

4. Kyrgyzstan: The majesty of the mountains

The Kyrgyzstan travel experience is hard to beat, especially if you love nature. Move over, Alaska—this is a country defined by its striking landscapes! The Tian Shan mountains, with their snow-capped peaks and sweeping valleys, create one of the most dramatic and unspoiled environments in the world. In Naryn, a town located over 2,000 metres (6,561 feet) above sea level, you’ll have the chance to take in the surrounding beauty at your own pace. Whether you’re relaxing by a river or gazing up at the towering peaks while trekking, the natural scenery here is enough to leave any city slicker in awe.

5. Fairytale Canyon: A storybook landscape 

Located near Issyk-Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan, Fairytale Canyon is a surreal and colourful otherworldly landscape that lives up to its name. The canyon’s rock formations, which have been shaped by wind and water over thousands of years, are vividly coloured in shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating a scene worthy of a storybook. A visit to this natural wonder is the perfect way to experience the rugged beauty of the region and experience Issyk-Kul Lake tourism in a completely different way.

6. Seven Lakes: A tranquil escape in the Fann Mountains

Tucked away in the Fann Mountains of Tajikistan, the Seven Lakes are a breathtaking series of alpine lakes known for their vivid colours and views for days. Each lake is set in a picturesque valley, surrounded by snowy peaks and greenery. Hiking between the lakes provides a rare chance to experience Tajikistan’s untouched beauty, and the peaceful surroundings make it an ideal place for reflection and relaxation.

7. Dushanbe: Tajikistan’s peaceful capital

Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is a city that blends Soviet-era architecture while fast forwarding into its new (high tech) future. Dushanbe attractions include the National Museum of Tajikistan, which houses artifacts from the country’s rich history, the Botanical Garden, and the colourful Oriental Bazaar. Dushanbe provides a modern contrast to the more historic cities you’ll visit in the region.

8. Almaty: A modern hub with a rich heritage

Almaty, Kazakhstan’s largest city, was the former capital and rather effortlessly (and impressively) combines its Soviet-era architecture with its shiny new developments. As a hub for Kazakhstan tourism, the city’s Panfilov Park, with its century-old trees, offers a welcomed pause, and Zenkov Cathedral, a stunning wooden structure, is one of the tallest in the world. Almaty’s lively streets, lively markets, and diverse cultural scenes uncover a city that is both proud of its history and modern looking. Set against the backdrop of the Tian Shan Mountains, Almaty attractions offer a dynamic and cosmopolitan atmosphere.

9. Khujand: A historic gateway to Central Asia

Khujand, located in northern Tajikistan, is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia and has long been an important trade and cultural centre. As a destination for  Tajikistan tourism, its location along the Syr-Darya River has made it a key point of connection between Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. The city’s historical significance is reflected in sites such as the Khujand Fortress and the beautiful Mosque of Sheikh Muslihiddin. Today, Khujand retains its traditional charm while hurling towards modern life.

10. Burana Tower & Balasagun: The legacy of the Kara-Khanid Empire

The timeless city of Balasagun and the towering Burana Tower are two of the most significant historical sites in Kyrgyzstan, offering a deep dive into the country’s Islamic heritage. For those planning Kyrgyzstan travel, the sites located near Bishkek, are a must-see. Balasagun was once a thriving capital of the Kara-Khanid Dynasty and a key stop along the Silk Road. Today, little remains of the city itself, but the Burana Tower, an impressive 11th-century minaret, still stands tall. 

Planning a trip to Central Asia? Here are 5 essential tips for an unforgettable experience!

1. Weather: Prepare for everything

Central Asia’s climate is varied and can be unpredictable. The best time to visit Central Asia depends on your personal preference. Days can be hot and dry in the desert, while mountain regions tend to be on the cooler side, especially in the evenings. Be sure to pack layers and prepare for a variety of conditions.

2. Central Asian cuisine: Savour the flavours

Central Asian food is hearty and flavourful, with dishes centred around rice, bread, and meat. Be sure to try Turkmenistan’s manti or manty (dumplings) and shashlik (marinated meat skewers), and really immerse yourself in the region’s food culture. There’s so much variety—for meat eaters and vegetarians alike—you won’t go hungry!

3. Cultural etiquette: Embrace local customs

While each country in Central Asia is diverse, being mindful of local customs, particularly when visiting religious sites, is a common thread. Dressing modestly and greeting locals with a simple "hello" in the local language will undoubtedly put a smile on everyone’s face. 

How to say “hello” in Uzbekistan (language: Uzbek)

• Hello: Salom
• Goodbye: Xayr
• Thank you: Raxmat

How to say “hello” in Turkmenistan (language: Turkmen)

• Hello: Salam
• Goodbye: Hoşça gal
• Thank you: Sag bol

How to say “hello” in Kyrgyzstan (languages: Kyrgyz, Russian)

• Hello: Salam (in Kyrgyz); Zdravstvuyte (in Russian)
• Goodbye: Kochuŋuz jakshy (in Kyrgyz); Do svidaniya (in Russian)
• Thank you: Thank you: Rakhmat (in Kyrgyz); Spasibo (in Russian)

How to say “hello” in Kazakhstan (languages: Kazakh, Russian)

• Hello: Salem (in Kazakh); Zdravstvuyte (in Russian)
• Goodbye: Sау болыңыз (in Kazakh); Do svidaniya (in Russian)
• Thank you: Rakhmet (in Kazakh); Spasibo (in Russian)

How to Say “hello” Tajikistan (language: Tajik)

• Hello: Salom
• Goodbye: Khudofiz
• Thank you: Tashakkur

4. Photography: Capture the beauty

Central Asia offers countless stunning photography opportunities, but it's essential to ask for permission before taking photos of people, particularly in rural areas or religious sites. Unlike places where group tourism is common and photography might be more casual, it's important to ensure that both you and your camera are welcomed before snapping any photos.

5. Currency and payments: Cash is king 

Cash is often preferred, and in more remote areas, it’s the only payment accepted. While credit cards are accepted in larger cities in Central Asia, be sure to carry local currency for smaller purchases. USD is not always accepted but you’ll have better luck in large tourist centres and major cities. ATMs are available in cities, but it’s a good idea to exchange some currency before heading to less urban areas.

Inspired to travel to Central Asia? Check out our 22 Day Five Stans Unveiled tour which takes in five countries in Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. To explore even more after your Five Stans adventure, check out our tour extensions offered for Mary, Istanbul and Türkiye.